Foundry ZKsync Book 📖

Fuzz Testing

Forge supports property based testing.

Property-based testing is a way of testing general behaviors as opposed to isolated scenarios.

Let’s examine what that means by writing a unit test, finding the general property we are testing for, and converting it to a property-based test instead:

pragma solidity 0.8.10;

import {Test} from "forge-std/Test.sol";

contract Safe {
    receive() external payable {}

    function withdraw() external {
        payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
    }
}

contract SafeTest is Test {
    Safe safe;

    // Needed so the test contract itself can receive ether
    // when withdrawing
    receive() external payable {}

    function setUp() public {
        safe = new Safe();
    }

    function test_Withdraw() public {
        payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
        uint256 preBalance = address(this).balance;
        safe.withdraw();
        uint256 postBalance = address(this).balance;
        assertEq(preBalance + 1 ether, postBalance);
    }
}

Running the test, we see it passes:

$ forge test --zksync
Compiling 24 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 855.08ms
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:27:9:
   |
27 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 1 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 4.09s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:27:9:
   |
27 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: 1 ether}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-10-09T21:29:20.620101Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[PASS] test_Withdraw() (gas: 1199829)
Suite result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 24.00ms (11.22ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 24.86ms (24.00ms CPU time): 1 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

This unit test does test that we can withdraw ether from our safe. However, who is to say that it works for all amounts, not just 1 ether?

The general property here is: given a safe balance, when we withdraw, we should get whatever is in the safe.

Forge will run any test that takes at least one parameter as a property-based test, so let’s rewrite:

contract SafeTest is Test {
    // ...

    function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint256 amount) public {
        payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
        uint256 preBalance = address(this).balance;
        safe.withdraw();
        uint256 postBalance = address(this).balance;
        assertEq(preBalance + amount, postBalance);
    }
}

If we run the test now, we can see that Forge runs the property-based test, but it fails for high values of amount:

$ forge test
Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 819.99ms
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:30:9:
   |
30 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 1 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 4.06s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:30:9:
   |
30 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-10-09T21:29:26.190945Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::error: vm error: Not enough gas
2024-10-09T21:29:26.191102Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::inspect: tx execution halted: Bootloader out of gas
2024-10-09T21:29:26.195012Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[FAIL. Reason: assertion failed; counterexample: calldata=0x29facca7000000000000000000000000451250ed02c3b5d4ef727250d78e35f4f34ad844 args=[394328826233888621336380253070256380957816444996 [3.943e47]]] testFuzz_Withdraw(uint256) (runs: 0, μ: 0, ~: 0)
Suite result: FAILED. 0 passed; 1 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 22.14ms (10.29ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 22.77ms (22.14ms CPU time): 0 tests passed, 1 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

The default amount of ether that the test contract is given is 2**96 wei (as in DappTools), so we have to restrict the type of amount to uint96 to make sure we don’t try to send more than we have:

    function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96 amount) public {

And now it passes:

$ forge test --zksync
Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.10
Solc 0.8.10 finished in 847.95ms
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302): Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:29:9:
   |
29 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


Compiling 1 files with zksolc and solc 0.8.10
zksolc and solc 0.8.10 finished in 4.19s
Compiler run successful with warnings:
Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:11:9:
   |
11 |         payable(msg.sender).call{value: address(this).balance}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Warning (9302)
Warning: Return value of low-level calls not used.
  --> test/Safe.t.sol:29:9:
   |
29 |         payable(address(safe)).call{value: amount}("");
   |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

2024-10-09T21:29:31.953712Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:31.965274Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:31.981492Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:31.994236Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.004835Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.015542Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.026383Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.037386Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.048792Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.059269Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.069454Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.080018Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.090247Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.100902Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.111448Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.122374Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.133152Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.143722Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.153895Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.164176Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.174775Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.185022Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.195370Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.207081Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.218864Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.230200Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.240744Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.251191Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.261380Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.271418Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.281436Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.291604Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.301596Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.312149Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.323842Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.334803Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.346719Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.357933Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.368526Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.378552Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.389123Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.399701Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.410182Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.420389Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.430787Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.441481Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.451970Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.462419Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.472538Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.482875Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.493685Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.503784Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.513953Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.524475Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.534398Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.545975Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.556586Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.567322Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.578069Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.588455Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.599010Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.609892Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.621755Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.633629Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.644483Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.655358Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.665953Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.675909Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.686312Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.696794Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.707325Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.717902Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.727921Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.738330Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.748818Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.759317Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.769876Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.780418Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.790648Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.801995Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.812443Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.823317Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.833993Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.845228Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.856047Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.866294Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.876696Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.887158Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.897354Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.907461Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.919803Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.932063Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.943043Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.953530Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.964259Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.974855Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.985463Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:32.996378Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.006839Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.016885Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.027241Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.037283Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.047488Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.057315Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.068534Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.078971Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.089369Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.099408Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.109388Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.119328Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.129578Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.139740Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.149996Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.160386Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.170904Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.181013Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.191516Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.202598Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.213257Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.223332Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.235037Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.245845Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.256462Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.267367Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.278660Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.289761Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.300076Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.310374Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.320387Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.331143Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.341330Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.352546Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.363166Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.373307Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.383647Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.394134Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.404436Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.414789Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.425366Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.436163Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.447355Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.457693Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.468284Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.478690Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.489394Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.499808Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.510512Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.520689Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.531016Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.541476Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.553002Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.564700Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.575039Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.585594Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.596345Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.607024Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.617965Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.628546Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.639505Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.649810Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.659949Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.670867Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.682112Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.692944Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.703636Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.713919Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.724383Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.735104Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.745688Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.756853Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.767202Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.777639Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.788461Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.798766Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.808861Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.819417Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.830375Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.842081Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.852787Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.864508Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.874618Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.884790Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.895640Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.906150Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.916598Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.927396Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.938363Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.949346Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.959976Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.970808Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.981527Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:33.991953Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.002301Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.012575Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.022936Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.033749Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.044231Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.054436Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.064251Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.074281Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.085689Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.095921Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.106898Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.116939Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.127204Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.137529Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.148668Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.159469Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.170806Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.181696Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.192300Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.202760Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.214214Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.225267Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.236167Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.246913Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.257252Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.267533Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.278206Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.288738Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.299424Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.310750Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.322303Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.332327Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.343067Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.354336Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.364938Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.375737Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.385783Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.395907Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.405810Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.416877Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.427235Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.438189Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.448757Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.459236Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.469843Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.480737Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.490992Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.501154Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.511568Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.521616Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.532256Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.542874Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.553571Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.564048Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.574866Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.585806Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.596460Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.606816Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.617049Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.627627Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.637774Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.647800Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.658090Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.668321Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""
2024-10-09T21:29:34.678533Z ERROR foundry_zksync_core::vm::tracers::cheatcode: call may fail or behave unexpectedly due to empty code target=0x7fa9385be102ac3eac297483dd6233d62b3e1496 calldata=""

Ran 1 test for test/Safe.t.sol:SafeTest
[PASS] testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96) (runs: 257, μ: 1108505, ~: 1097989)
Suite result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 2.75s (2.74s CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 2.75s (2.75s CPU time): 1 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

You may want to exclude certain cases using the assume cheatcode. In those cases, fuzzer will discard the inputs and start a new fuzz run:

function testFuzz_Withdraw(uint96 amount) public {
    vm.assume(amount > 0.1 ether);
    // snip
}

There are different ways to run property-based tests, notably parametric testing and fuzzing. Forge only supports fuzzing.

Interpreting results

You might have noticed that fuzz tests are summarized a bit differently compared to unit tests:

“runs” refers to the amount of scenarios the fuzzer tested. By default, the fuzzer will generate 256 scenarios, but this and other test execution parameters can be setup by the user. Fuzzer configuration details are provided here.
“μ” (Greek letter mu) is the mean gas used across all fuzz runs
“~” (tilde) is the median gas used across all fuzz runs

Configuring fuzz test execution

Fuzz tests execution is governed by parameters that can be controlled by users via Forge configuration primitives. Configs can be applied globally or on a per-test basis. For details on this topic please refer to 📚 Global config and 📚 In-line config.

Fuzz test fixtures

Fuzz test fixtures can be defined when you want to make sure a certain set of values is used as inputs for fuzzed parameters. These fixtures can be declared in tests as:

storage arrays prefixed with fixture and followed by param name to be fuzzed. For example, fixtures to be used when fuzzing parameter amount of type uint32 can be defined as

uint32[] public fixtureAmount = [1, 5, 555];

functions named with fixture prefix, followed by param name to be fuzzed. Function should return an (fixed size or dynamic) array of values to be used for fuzzing. For example, fixtures to be used when fuzzing parameter named owner of type address can be defined in a function with signature

function fixtureOwner() public returns (address[] memory)

If the type of value provided as a fixture is not the same type as the named parameter to be fuzzed then it is rejected and an error is raised.

An example where fixture could be used is to reproduce the DSChief vulnerability. Consider the 2 functions

    function etch(address yay) public returns (bytes32 slate) {
        bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(yay));

        slates[hash] = yay;

        return hash;
    }

    function voteSlate(bytes32 slate) public {
        uint weight = deposits[msg.sender];
        subWeight(weight, votes[msg.sender]);
        votes[msg.sender] = slate;
        addWeight(weight, votes[msg.sender]);
    }

where the vulnerability can be reproduced by calling voteSlate before etch, with slate value being a hash of yay address. To make sure fuzzer includes in the same run a slate value derived from a yay address, following fixtures can be defined:

    address[] public fixtureYay = [
        makeAddr("yay1"),
        makeAddr("yay2"),
        makeAddr("yay3")
    ];

    bytes32[] public fixtureSlate = [
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay1"))),
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay2"))),
        keccak256(abi.encodePacked(makeAddr("yay3")))
    ];

Following image shows how fuzzer generates values with and without fixtures being declared: Fuzzer

foundry-zksync book

Fuzz Testing

Interpreting results

Configuring fuzz test execution

Fuzz test fixtures